Dark Souls Remastered: Humanity and Kindling
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Separate the two humanity displays
Humanity can sit in your item inventory or as a number beside your health bar. Use a Humanity item to add one to that counter. At a bonfire, choose Reverse Hollowing to regain human form, then choose Kindle to spend another Humanity and raise that bonfire’s Estus allotment. You must be human to kindle, so the order matters.
Human form enables online cooperation and invasions in the appropriate areas, but it is not required for ordinary exploration. If you are learning a dangerous route alone, staying hollow is a sensible way to avoid spending Humanity every time you die. Save it for a bonfire placed before a boss, a long hostile run, or a section where the extra healing changes your chances.
Kindle the bonfires you actually return to
A standard bonfire starts with five Estus. Bonfires tended by a Fire Keeper, including Firelink, already give ten, so spend early Humanity to raise a five-charge bonfire to ten when its route is worth repeating. Later, the Rite of Kindling raises the limit to twenty. The improved healing amount of the flask itself comes from Fire Keeper Souls, which is a separate upgrade system.
Do not consume every Humanity item for a brief health refill. Keep a small reserve for reversing hollowing and kindling, then use the rest only when the immediate recovery is worth it. If you cannot kindle, check that you are in human form and at the exact bonfire you want to improve. For the weapon budget around that decision, read Weapon Upgrades or return to Getting Started.

